Details of 16-article Mecca defence pact emerge after text submitted to Turkish parliament, outlining collective defence and a 10-year term

Details of the Mecca Joint Defence Agreement between Türkiye, Saudi Arabia and Pakistan have emerged after its 16-article text was submitted to the Turkish parliament. The agreement says an attack on one member will be treated as an attack on all three.

The countries would provide each other logistical support, including weapons, ammunition and equipment. They would also share intelligence with one another, but not with third parties.

The text calls for close cooperation in defence and security, encourages joint production, and provides for joint research, development and innovation projects in advanced technology fields. It also calls for joint exercises and training to strengthen operational readiness.

A committee comprising the three countries’ foreign and defence ministers would be established. Any new member would require approval from all three countries. The agreement would last 10 years, after which any country could withdraw.